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The unit will cover the following topics (with representative concepts involved shown in parentheses): · Microbial growth (exponential growth, growth curve, Monod model, yield coefficient, total and maximum productivity, substrate competition) · Oxygen transfer for aerobic processes (KLa, Henry's Law, diffusion, convection, solubility) · Biological oxygen uptake in aerobic processes (oxygen uptake rate, oxygen limitation, degradability testing, critical oxygen concentration) · Microbial cultivation (growth yield coefficient, maintenance coefficient, ATP yield, washout, loading rate, biomass feedback, comparison of chemostat and batch systems) · Product formation and stoichiometry (stoichiometry and redox reactions, oxidation states, electron equivalents, fermentation, respiration, oxygen demand) · Biogeochemistry and anaerobic respiration (bio-mineral processing, deep ocean bioreactions, microbes in extreme environments, sulphur and nitrogen in anaerobic processes) · Nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment (sequencing batch reactors, nitrification, denitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, phosphate release and uptake, on-line and gateway sensors) · Anaerobic digestion and bioenergetics (Gibbs free energy, interspecies hydrogen transfer, biomethanation, operation and failure of anaerobic digesters, energy sharing between microbe groups, feedback and feedback inhibition) · Process control and modelling (process control building blocks, on/off feedback control, PID control, control set points, oxygen as a control target).